Leech, 1965, 1985 Leech and Short, 1981), whereby certain linguistic elements in literary works differ consistently and systematically (Mukařovský, 1958: 44) from norms represented by a particular benchmark, has often been measured using corpus stylistic methods (e.g. The data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the results provide insights into how non-native speakers of English are affected by speech and thought presentation modes in English prose fiction.įoregrounding (e.g. Additionally, the researcher interviewed 30 participants in order to clarify their written answers. The third task was comprised of 18 questions, the locus of which was on the comprehension and appreciation of the extracts.
The first task focused on the general understanding of the extract and its point of view the second task asked the participants to identify whose point of view (perspective) was expressed in each sentence (27 sentences for each extract). Additionally, the participants were presented three different tasks for six extracts (taken from five novels and one short story) in which their comprehension and appreciation were probed in relation to point of view and speech and thought presentation modes. A total of 42 students from the English Language Teaching Department of Çukurova University participated and submitted a questionnaire about their reading habits and self-image in terms of being good readers of Turkish and English literature. This study investigated the effect of speech and thought presentation on the comprehension and appreciation of English prose fiction by Turkish students. Finally, the results of the analysis of the passage are consistently compared with the results of the analysis of a larger corpus, in order to make more reliable claims about its peculiar characteristics and potential effects. Both of these phenomena are shown to be particularly central to the extract from Barnes's novel. This model accounts for a larger variety of phenomena than was previously the case, including, for example, the presentation of "hypothetical" words and thoughts, and the "embedding" of SW&TP inside other instances of SW&TP.
The analysis also demonstrates the explanatory potential of a model of speech, writing, and thought presentation (SW&TP) that was developed on the basis of the analysis of a corpus of written narratives. My main aim is to show how Barnes's linguistic choices might affect readers' perceptions of, and potential empathy with, the characters involved. In this article I discuss the choices, patterns, and subtle variations in the presentation of characters' words and thoughts in an extract from Julian Barnes's novel England, England.
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